In the example below, passing ** {'a':1, 'b':2} to the function is similar to passing a=1, b=1 to the function. 7 supported dataclass. But unlike *args , **kwargs takes keyword or named arguments. e. Yes. Just making sure to construct your update dictionary properly. Using a dictionary as a key in a dictionary. Your way is correct if you want a keyword-only argument. We then pass the JSON dictionary as keyword arguments to the function. I want to have all attributes clearly designed in my method (for auto completion, and ease of use) and I want to grab them all as, lets say a dictionary, and pass them on further. Metaclasses offer a way to modify the type creation of classes. Python’s **kwargs syntax in function definitions provides a powerful means of dynamically handling keyword arguments. Before 3. print ('hi') print ('you have', num, 'potatoes') print (*mylist) Like with *args, the **kwargs keyword eats up all unmatched keyword arguments and stores them in a dictionary called kwargs. python pass different **kwargs to multiple functions. , keyN: valN} test_obj = Class (test_dict) x = MyClass (**my_dictionary) That's how you call it if you have a dict named my_dictionary which is just the kwargs in dict format. E. xy_dict = dict(x=data_one, y=data_two) try_dict_ops(**xy_dict) orAdd a comment. Class): def __init__(self. I'd like to pass a dict to an object's constructor for use as kwargs. ". It will be passed as a. getargspec(action)[0]); kwargs = {k: v for k, v in dikt. In this simple case, I think what you have is better, but this could be. For example, you are required to pass a callable as an argument but you don't know what arguments it should take. args print acceptable #['a', 'b'] #test dictionary of kwargs kwargs=dict(a=3,b=4,c=5) #keep only the arguments that are both in the signature and. To re-factor this code firstly I'd recommend using packages instead of nested classes here, so create a package named Sections and create two more packages named Unit and Services inside of it, you can also move the dictionary definitions inside of this package say in a file named dicts. In you code, python looks for an object called linestyle which does not exist. Similarly, to pass the dict to a function in the form of several keyworded arguments, simply pass it as **kwargs again. You do it like this: def method (**kwargs): print kwargs keywords = {'keyword1': 'foo', 'keyword2': 'bar'} method (keyword1='foo', keyword2='bar') method (**keywords) Running this in Python confirms these produce identical results: Output. print ('hi') print ('you have', num, 'potatoes') print (*mylist)1. command () @click. For C extensions, though, watch out. The Action class must accept the two positional arguments plus any keyword arguments passed to ArgumentParser. How to pass a dict when a Python function expects **kwargs. iteritems():. 1 Answer. If a key occurs more than once, the last value for that key becomes the corresponding value in the new dictionary. When you call the double, Python calls the multiply function where b argument defaults to 2. If you pass more arguments to a partial object, Python appends them to the args argument. @DFK One use for *args is for situations where you need to accept an arbitrary number of arguments that you would then process anonymously (possibly in a for loop or something like that). At least that is not my interpretation. is there a way to make all of the keys and values or items to a single dictionary? def file_lines( **kwargs): for key, username in kwargs. Sorry for the inconvenance. python-how to pass dictionaries as inputs in function without repeating the elements in dictionary. __init__ (*args,**kwargs) self. 0. , a member of an enum class) as a key in the **kwargs dictionary for a function or a class?then the other approach is to set the default in the kwargs dict itself: def __init__ (self, **kwargs): kwargs. Usage of **kwargs. a=a self. In Python, say I have some class, Circle, that inherits from Shape. Improve this answer. 1. 281. Instead of having a dictionary that is the union of all arguments (foo1-foo5), use a dictionary that has the intersection of all arguments (foo1, foo2). In previous versions, it would even pass dict subclasses through directly, leading to the bug where '{a}'. The asterisk symbol is used to represent *args in the function definition, and it allows you to pass any number of arguments to the function. The dictionary must be unpacked so that. (Note that this means that you can use keywords in the format string, together with a single dictionary argument. You're passing the list and the dictionary as two positional arguments, so those two positional arguments are what shows up in your *args in the function body, and **kwargs is an empty dictionary since no keyword arguments were provided. You cannot directly send a dictionary as a parameter to a function accepting kwargs. We will set up a variable equal to a dictionary with 3 key-value pairs (we’ll use kwargs here, but it can be called whatever you want), and pass it to a function with. **kwargs allow you to pass multiple arguments to a function using a dictionary. Ok, this is how. a}. The first two ways are not really fixes, and the third is not always an option. def multiply(a, b, *args): result = a * b for arg in args: result = result * arg return result In this function we define the first two parameters (a and b). (Try running the print statement below) class Student: def __init__ (self, **kwargs): #print (kwargs) self. views. append (pair [1]) return result print (sorted_with_kwargs (odd = [1,3,5], even = [2,4,6])) This assumes that even and odd are. So, in your case,For Python-level code, the kwargs dict inside a function will always be a new dict. 1 Answer. 6. If you do not know how many keyword arguments that will be passed into your function, add two asterisk: ** before the parameter name in the function definition. Select(), for example . py and each of those inner packages then can import. Thread (target=my_target, args= (device_ip, DeviceName, *my_args, **my_keyword_args)) You don't need the asterisks in front of *my_args and **my_keyword_args The asterisk goes in the function parameters but inside of the. *args: Receive multiple arguments as a tuple. 7. Using a dictionary to pass in keyword arguments is just a different spelling of calling a function. many built-ins,. This makes it easy to chain the output from one module to the input of another - def f(x, y, **kwargs): then outputs = f(**inputs) where inputs is a dictionary from the previous step, calling f with inputs will unpack x and y from the dict and put the rest into kwargs which the module may ignore. Casting to subtypes improves code readability and allows values to be passed. (inspect. . They're also useful for troubleshooting. To show that in this case the position (or order) of the dictionary element doesn’t matter, we will specify the key y before the key x. Learn more about TeamsFirst, you won't be passing an arbitrary Python expression as an argument. Kwargs is a dictionary of the keyword arguments that are passed to the function. We will define a dictionary that contains x and y as keys. name = kwargs ["name. Otherwise, what would they unpack to on the other side?That being said, if you need to memoize kwargs as well, you would have to parse the dictionary and any dict types in args and store the format in some hashable format. >>> new_x = {'x': 4} >>> f() # default value x=2 2 >>> f(x=3) # explicit value x=3 3 >>> f(**new_x) # dictionary value x=4 4. 6. The key difference with the PEP 646 syntax change was it generalized beyond type hints. New course! Join Dan as he uses generative AI to design a website for a bakery 🥖. debug (msg, * args, ** kwargs) ¶ Logs a message with level DEBUG on this logger. I want to add keyword arguments to a derived class, but can't figure out how to go about it. From an external file I generate the following dictionary: mydict = { 'foo' : 123, 'bar' : 456 } Given a function that takes a **kwargs argument, how can generate the keyword-args from that dicti. Button class can take a foreground, a background, a font, an image etc. 2 Answers. def func(arg1, *args, kwarg1="x"): pass. items() if isinstance(k,str)} The reason is because keyword arguments must be strings. By convention, *args (arguments) and **kwargs (keyword arguments) are often used as parameter names, but you can use any name as long as it is prefixed with * or **. In order to pass kwargs through the the basic_human function, you need it to also accept **kwargs so any extra parameters are accepted by the call to it. This function can handle any number of args and kwargs because of the asterisk (s) used in the function definition. python pass different **kwargs to multiple functions. (Try running the print statement below) class Student: def __init__ (self, **kwargs): #print (kwargs) self. result = 0 # Iterating over the Python kwargs dictionary for grocery in kwargs. passing the ** argument is incorrect. If we examine your example: def get_data(arg1, **kwargs): print arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4 In your get_data functions's namespace, there is a variable named arg1, but there is no variable named arg2. A command line arg example might be something like: C:Python37python. In the /pdf route, get the dict from redis based on the unique_id in the URL string. We don't need to test if a key exists, we now use args as our argument dictionary and have no further need of kwargs. When you call your function like this: CashRegister('name', {'a': 1, 'b': 2}) you haven't provided *any keyword arguments, you provided 2 positional arguments, but you've only defined your function to take one, name . 4 Answers. Example 1: Here, we are passing *args and **kwargs as an argument in the myFun function. Keywords arguments are making our functions more flexible. args = (1,2,3), and then a dict for keyword arguments, kwargs = {"foo":42, "bar":"baz"} then use myfunc (*args, **kwargs). A keyword argument is basically a dictionary. In Python you can pass all the arguments as a list with the * operator. Just pass the dictionary; Python will handle the referencing. When passing the kwargs argument to the function, It must use double asterisks with the parameter name **kwargs. you tried to reference locations with uninitialized variable names. Answers ; data dictionary python into numpy; python kwargs from ~dict ~list; convert dict to dataframe; pandas dataframe. Using *args, we can process an indefinite number of arguments in a function's position. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. starmap() 25. If you want to do stuff like that, then that's what **kwargs is for. To address the need for passing keyword arguments, Python offers **kwargs. Python dictionary. db_create_table('Table1', **schema) Explanation: The single asterisk form (*args) unpacks a sequence to form an argument list, while the double asterisk form (**kwargs) unpacks a dict-like object to a keyworded argument list. This allow more complex types but if dill is not preinstalled in your venv, the task will fail with use_dill enabled. The function def prt(**kwargs) allows you to pass any number of keywords arguments you want (i. THEN you might add a second example, WITH **kwargs in definition, and show how EXTRA items in dictionary are available via. It's simply not allowed, even when in theory it could disambiguated. From the dict docs:. My understanding from the answers is : Method-2 is the dict (**kwargs) way of creating a dictionary. Therefore, it’s possible to call the double. I tried to pass a dictionary but it doesn't seem to like that. defaultdict(int))For that purpose I want to be able to pass a kwargs dict down into several layers of functions. Without any. A much better way to avoid all of this trouble is to use the following paradigm: def func (obj, **kwargs): return obj + kwargs. Is there a better way to update an object's __dict__ with kwargs? 64. This makes it easy to chain the output from one module to the input of another - def f(x, y, **kwargs): then outputs = f(**inputs) where inputs is a dictionary from the previous step, calling f with inputs will unpack x and y from the dict and put the rest into kwargs which the module may ignore. The keys in kwargs must be strings. 'arg1', 'key2': 'arg2'} as <class 'dict'> Previous page Debugging Next page Decorators. format(fruit,price) print (price_list) market_prices('Wellcome',banana=8, apple=10) How to properly pass a dict of key/value args to kwargs? class Foo: def __init__ (self, **kwargs): print kwargs settings = {foo:"bar"} f = Foo (settings) Traceback (most recent call last): File "example. Consider the following attempt at add adding type hints to the functions parent and child: def parent (*, a: Type1, b: Type2):. So, you cannot do this in general if the function isn't written in Python (e. How to use a dictionary with more keys than function arguments: A solution to #3, above, is to accept (and ignore) additional kwargs in your function (note, by convention _ is a variable name used for something being discarded, though technically it's just a valid variable name to Python):. The tkinter. The argparse module makes it easy to write user-friendly command-line interfaces. This is an example of what my file looks like. A Parameter object has the following public attributes and methods: name : str - The name of the parameter as a. )*args: for Non-Keyword Arguments. Always place the **kwargs parameter. Python passes variable length non keyword argument to function using *args but we cannot use this to pass keyword argument. ;¬)Teams. Metaclasses offer a way to modify the type creation of classes. The most common reason is to pass the arguments right on to some other function you're wrapping (decorators are one case of this, but FAR from the only one!) -- in this case, **kw loosens the coupling between. Likewise, **kwargs becomes the variable kwargs which is literally just a dict. But in short: *args is used to send a non-keyworded variable length argument list to the function. So, will dict (**kwargs) always result in a dictionary where the keys are of type string ? Is there a way in Python to pass explicitly a dictionary to the **kwargs argument of a function? The signature that I'm using is: def f(*, a=1, **kwargs): pass # same question with def f(a=1, **kwargs) I tried to call it the following ways: Sometimes you might not know the arguments you will pass to a function. If you need to pass a JSON object as a structured argument with a defined schema, you can use Python's NamedTuple. )Add unspecified options to cli command using python-click (1 answer) Closed 4 years ago. Introduction to *args and **kwargs in Python. In previous versions, it would even pass dict subclasses through directly, leading to the bug where'{a}'. The dictionary will be created dynamically based upon uploaded data. In this line: my_thread = threading. JSON - or JavaScript Object Representation is a way of taking Python objects and converting them into a string-like representation, suitable for passing around to multiple languages. Splitting kwargs between function calls. template_kvps, 'a': 3}) But this might not be obvious at first glance, but is as obvious as what you were doing before. In order to pass kwargs through the the basic_human function, you need it to also accept **kwargs so any extra parameters are accepted by the call to it. Yes, that's due to the ambiguity of *args. Loading a YAML file can be done in three ways: From the command-line using the --variablefile FileName. Pass kwargs to function argument explictly. 0, 'b': True} However, since _asdict is private, I am wondering, is there a better way?kwargs is a dictionary that contains any keyword argument. 6. We already have a similar mechanism for *args, why not extend it to **kwargs as well?. I think the proper way to use **kwargs in Python when it comes to default values is to use the dictionary method setdefault, as given below: class ExampleClass: def __init__ (self, **kwargs): kwargs. 6. As you are calling updateIP with key-value pairs status=1, sysname="test" , similarly you should call swis. Python **kwargs. Dictionaries can not be passed from the command line. So in the. One solution would be to just write all the params for that call "by hand" and not using the kwarg-dict, but I'm specifically looking to overwrite the param in an elegant. the function: @lru_cache (1024) def data_check (serialized_dictionary): my_dictionary = json. I have a custom dict class (collections. Both the caller and the function refer to the same object, but the parameter in the function is a new variable which is just holding a copy of the object in the caller. def wrapper_function (ret, ben, **kwargs): fns = (function1, function2, function3) results = [] for fn in fns: fn_args = set (getfullargspec (fn). Note: This is not a duplicate of the linked answer, that focuses on issues related to performance, and what happens behind the curtains when a dict() function call is made. For example, if I were to initialize a ValidationRule class with ValidationRule(other='email'), the value for self. Pack function arguments into a dictionary - opposite to **kwargs. Inside M. Sep 2, 2019 at 12:32. Python Dictionary key within a key. Here is a non-working paraphrased sample: std::string message ("aMessage"); boost::python::list arguments; arguments. When you pass additional keyword arguments to a partial object, Python extends and overrides the kwargs arguments. Shape needs x- and y-coordinates, and, in addition, Circle needs a radius. keys() ^ not_kwargs}. op_kwargs (Mapping[str, Any] | None) – a dictionary of keyword arguments that will get unpacked in your function. When we pass **kwargs as an argument. When defining a function, you can include any number of optional keyword arguments to be included using kwargs, which stands for keyword arguments. (or just Callable[Concatenate[dict[Any, Any], _P], T], and even Callable[Concatenate[dict[Any,. items(): convert_to_string = str(len. Learn about our new Community Discord server here and join us on Discord here! New workshop: Discover AI-powered VS Code extensions like GitHub Copilot and IntelliCode 🤖. 12. **kwargs allows us to pass any number of keyword arguments. def send_to_api (param1, param2, *args): print (param1, param2, args) If you call then your function and pass after param1, param2 any numbers of positional arguments you can access them inside function in args tuple. args) fn_required_args. You're not passing a function, you're passing the result of calling the function. b) # None print (foo4. A dictionary can contain key, value pairs. Is there a way to generate this TypedDict from the function signature at type checking time, such that I can minimize the duplication in maintenance?2 Answers. Improve this answer. Code:The context manager allows to modify the dictionary values and after exiting it resets them to the original state. Select('Date','Device. But this required the unpacking of dictionary keys as arguments and it’s values as argument. So I'm currently converting my non-object oriented python code to an object oriented design. Python unit test mock, get mocked function's input arguments. or else we are passing the argument to a. kwargs (note that there are three asterisks), would indicate that kwargs should preserve the order of keyword arguments. Precede double stars (**) to a dictionary argument to pass it to **kwargs parameter. 2 Answers. Improve this answer. argument ('tgt') @click. Regardless of the method, these keyword arguments can. How do I replace specific substrings in kwargs keys? 4. Using Python to Map Keys and Data Type In kwargs. You can rather pass the dictionary as it is. When you pass additional keyword arguments to a partial object, Python extends and overrides the kwargs arguments. 19. – jonrsharpe. Letters a/b/c are literal strings in your dictionary. . A few years ago I went through matplotlib converting **kwargs into explicit parameters, and found a pile of explicit bugs in the process where parameters would be silently dropped, overridden, or passed but go unused. If that is the case, be sure to mention (and link) the API or APIs that receive the keyword arguments. >>> data = df. Python 3's print () is a good example. 3. If you cannot change the function definition to take unspecified **kwargs, you can filter the dictionary you pass in by the keyword arguments using the argspec function in older versions of python or the signature inspection method in Python 3. As of Python 3. The way you are looping: for d in kwargs. **kwargs allow you to pass multiple arguments to a function using a dictionary. Anyone have any advice here? The only restriction I have is the data will be coming to me as a dict (well actually a json object being loaded with json. The single asterisk form (*args) is used to pass a non-keyworded, variable-length argument list, and the double asterisk form is used to pass a keyworded, variable-length. Method 4: Using the NamedTuple Function. Secondly, you must pass through kwargs in the same way, i. __init__ will be called without arguments (as it expects). You can add your named arguments along with kwargs. When used in a function call they're syntax for passing sequences and mappings as positional and keyword arguments respectively. [object1] # this only has keys 1, 2 and 3 key1: "value 1" key2: "value 2" key3: "value 3" [object2] # this only has keys 1, 2 and 4 key1. :type op_kwargs: list:param op_kwargs: A dict of keyword arguments to pass to python_callable. Now I want to call this function passing elements from a dict that contains keys that are identical to the arguments of this function. The ** operator is used to unpack dictionaries and pass the contents as keyword arguments to a function. of arguments:-1. You can, of course, use them if it is a requirement of your assignment. The program defines what arguments it requires, and argparse will figure out how to parse those out of. def generate_student_dict(first_name=None, last_name=None ,. args print acceptable #['a', 'b'] #test dictionary of kwargs kwargs=dict(a=3,b=4,c=5) #keep only the arguments that are both in the signature and in the dictionary new_kwargs. If you want to use them like that, define the function with the variable names as normal: def my_function(school, standard, city, name): schoolName = school cityName = city standardName = standard studentName = name import inspect #define a test function with two parameters function def foo(a,b): return a+b #obtain the list of the named arguments acceptable = inspect. In Python, the double asterisks ** not only denote keyword arguments (kwargs) when used in function definitions, but also perform a special operation known as dictionary unpacking. I want a unit test to assert that a variable action within a function is getting set to its expected value, the only time this variable is used is when it is passed in a call to a library. 35. How to properly pass a dict of key/value args to kwargs? 1. Currently, only **kwargs comprising arguments of the same type can be type hinted. 6, the keyword argument order is preserved. Q&A for work. For example: my_dict = {'a': 5, 'b': 6} def printer1 (adict): return adict def printer2. If you want a keyword-only argument in Python 2, you can use @mgilson's solution. How to automate passing repetitive kwargs on class instantiation. 8 Answers. The behavior is general "what happens when you iterate over a dict?"I just append "set_" to the key name to call the correct method. ) . update () with key-value pairs. Specifically, in function calls, in comprehensions and generator expressions, and in displays. Parameters ---------- kwargs : Initial values for the contained dictionary. Subscribe to pythoncheatsheet. Inside the function, the kwargs argument is a dictionary that contains all keyword arguments as its name-value pairs. (Unless the dictionary is a literal, in which case you should generally call it as foo (a=1, b=2, c=3,. 11 already does). Here are the code snippets from views. function track({ action, category,. Keyword Arguments / Dictionaries. Python 3, passing dictionary values in a function to another function. The attrdict class exploits that by inheriting from a dictionary and then setting the object's __dict__ to that dictionary. Add Answer . Example defined function info without any parameter. Of course, this would only be useful if you know that the class will be used in a default_factory. kwargs is created as a dictionary inside the scope of the function. ; kwargs in Python. When you call the double, Python calls the multiply function where b argument defaults to 2. A quick way to see this is to change print kwargs to print self. op_args – A list of positional arguments to pass to python_callable. How can I use my dictionary as an argument for all my 3 functions provided that that dictionary has some keys that won't be used in each function. The command line call would be code-generated. The idea is that I would be able to pass an argument to . The msg is the message format string, and the args are the arguments which are merged into msg using the string formatting operator. and then annotate kwargs as KWArgs, the mypy check passes. Since your function ". You may want to accept nearly-arbitrary named arguments for a series of reasons -- and that's what the **kw form lets you do. When I try to do that,. *args / **kwargs has its advantages, generally in cases where you want to be able to pass in an unpacked data structure, while retaining the ability to work with packed ones. def x (**kwargs): y (**kwargs) def y (**kwargs): print (kwargs) d = { 'a': 1, 'b': True, 'c': 'Grace' } x (d) The behavior I'm seeing, using a debugger, is that kwargs in y () is equal to this: My obviously mistaken understanding of the double asterisk is that it is supposed to. I want to pass argument names to **kwargs by a string variable. I tried this code : def generateData(elementKey:str, element:dict, **kwargs): for key, value in kwargs. Recently discovered click and I would like to pass an unspecified number of kwargs to a click command. print x,y. g. Read the article Python *args and **kwargs Made Easy for a more in deep introduction. Of course, if all you're doing is passing a keyword argument dictionary to an inner function, you don't really need to use the unpacking operator in the signature, just pass your keyword arguments as a dictionary: 1. These are special syntaxes that allow you to write functions that can accept a variable number of arguments. Author: Migel Hewage Nimesha. In Python, these keyword arguments are passed to the program as a dictionary object. user_defaults = config ['default_users'] [user] for option_name, option_value in. Of course, if all you're doing is passing a keyword argument dictionary to an inner function, you don't really need to use the unpacking operator in the signature, just pass your keyword arguments as a dictionary:1. parse_args ()) vars converts to a dictionary. defaultdict(int)) if you don't mind some extra junk passing around, you can use locals at the beginning of your function to collect your arguments into a new dict and update it with the kwargs, and later pass that one to the next function 1 Answer. The C API version of kwargs will sometimes pass a dict through directly. setdefault ('variable', True) # Sets variable to True only if not passed by caller self. Process. This way the function will receive a dictionary of arguments, and can access the items accordingly: You can make your protocol generic in paramspec _P and use _P. One such concept is the inclusion of *args and *kwargs in python. So your code should look like this:A new dictionary is built for each **kwargs parameter in each function. if you could modify the source of **kwargs, what would that mean in this case?Using the kwargs mechanism causes the dict elements to be copied into SimpleEcho. from, like a handful of other tokens, are keywords/reserved words in Python ( from specifically is used when importing a few hand-picked objects from a module into the current namespace). To re-factor this code firstly I'd recommend using packages instead of nested classes here, so create a package named Sections and create two more packages named Unit and Services inside of it, you can also move the dictionary definitions inside of this package say in a file named dicts. As you expect it, Python has also its own way of passing variable-length keyword arguments (or named arguments): this is achieved by using the **kwargs symbol. python dict to kwargs; python *args to dict; python call function with dictionary arguments; create a dict from variables and give name; how to pass a dictionary to a function in python; Passing as dictionary vs passing as keyword arguments for dict type. The downside is, that it might not be that obvious anymore, which arguments are possible, but with a proper docstring, it should be fine. 0. py key1:val1 key2:val2 key3:val3 Output:Creating a flask app and having an issue passing a dictionary from my views. foo == 1. 0. At a minimum, you probably want to throw an exception if a key in kwargs isn't also a key in default_settings. to_dict() >>> kwargs = {key:data[key] for key in data. g. Example: def func (d): for key in d: print("key:", key, "Value:", d [key]) D = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3} func (D) Output: key: b Value: 2 key: a Value: 1 key: c Value: 3 Passing Dictionary as kwargs 4 Answers. Then we will pass it as **kwargs to our sum function: kwargs = {'y': 2, 'x': 1} print(sum(**kwargs))See virtualenv documentation for more information. PEP 692 is posted. The syntax looks like: merged = dict (kwargs. The best that you can do is: result =. These will be grouped into a dict inside your unfction, kwargs. . You can use **kwargs to let your functions take an arbitrary number of keyword arguments ("kwargs" means "keyword arguments"): >>> def print_keyword_args(**kwargs):. (or just Callable [Concatenate [dict [Any, Any], _P], T], and even Callable [Concatenate [dict [Any, Any],. the dictionary: d = {'h': 4} f (**d) The ** prefix before d will "unpack" the dictionary, passing each key/value pair as a keyword argument to the. You may want to accept nearly-arbitrary named arguments for a series of reasons -- and that's what the **kw form lets you do. Also, TypedDict is already clearly specified. Add a comment. But once you have gathered them all you can use them the way you want. I have two functions: def foo(*args, **kwargs): pass def foo2(): return list(), dict() I want to be able to pass the list and dict from foo2 as args and kwargs in foo, however when I use it liketo make it a bit clear maybe: is there any way that I can pass the argument as a dictionary-type thing like: test_dict = {key1: val1,. If you want to use the key=value syntax, instead of providing a. Secondly, you must pass through kwargs in the same way, i. Putting *args and/or **kwargs as the last items in your function definition’s argument list allows that function to accept an arbitrary number of arguments and/or keyword arguments. The names *args and **kwargs are only by convention but there's no hard requirement to use them. Special Symbols Used for passing variable no. g. Is there a way that I can define __init__ so keywords defined in **kwargs are assigned to the class?. To add to the answers, using **kwargs can make it very easy to pass in a big number of arguments to a function, or to make the setup of a function saved into a config file.